This revised new edition provides up-to-date knowledge on the latest developments related to these three fields for solving geoinformatics problems. There are seven new chapters, and each of them focuses on a separate real-world problem to which deep learning is applied.

Outdoor wayfinding and navigation systems and services have become indispensable in people's mobility in unfamiliar environments. Advances in key technologies (e.g., positioning and mobile devices), has spurred interest in research and development of indoor wayfinding and navigation systems and services in recent years. Indoor Wayfinding and Navigation provides both breadth and depth of knowledge in designing and building indoor wayfinding and navigation systems and services. It covers the types of sensors both feasible and practical for localization of users inside buildings. The book discusses current approaches, techniques, and technologies for addressing issues in indoor wayfinding and navigation systems and services. It includes coverage of the cognitive, positioning, mapping, and application perspectives, an unusual but useful combination of information. This mix of different perspectives helps you better understand the issues and challenges of building indoor wayfinding and navigation systems and services, how they are different from those used outdoors, and how they can be used efficiently and effectively in challenging applications. Written by well-known specialists in the field, the book addresses all aspects of indoor wayfinding and navigation. It includes the latest research developments on the topic, succinctly covers the fundamentals, and details the issues and challenges in building new systems and services. With this information, you can design indoor wayfinding and navigation systems and services for a variety of uses and users.

Big Data is defined as "a collection of data sets so large and complex that it becomes difficult to process using on-hand database management tools". The challenges include capture, storage, search, sharing, analysis, and visualization." Big Data has always been a major challenge in geoinformatics as geospatial databases are inherently very large. This book will integrate in one single volume techniques and technologies for storing and managing very large geospatial databases and help developing new geoinformatics software and systems that involve very large databases.