Abstract: In this talk, Dr. John E. Ortega will cover the task of machine translation (MT): the digital manner of translating documents with a machine. Specifically, John will provide a history of the major paradigms from MT including rule-based, statistical, neural, and transformer systems. Additionally, John will provide several examples of how MT works along with research-focused experimentation that would help a human translator determine what types of systems should be used for different purposes, especially the use of MT systems for translating low-resource languages. John will specifically dive into translations from Quechua (an indigenous language spoken by millions in Peru) to Finnish (a high-resource languages spoken in Finland, northern Europe).