In this IBM® Redbooks® publication, we describe recommendations based on an IBM b-type storage area network (SAN) environment that is utilizing VMware vSphere ESXi. We describe the hardware and software and the unique features that they bring to the marketplace. We then highlight those features and how they apply to the SAN environment, and the best practices for ensuring that you get the best out of your SAN. For background reading, we recommend the following Redbooks publications: - Introduction to Storage Area Networks and System Networking, SG24-5470 - IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller Best Practices and Performance Guidelines, SG24-7521 - IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller and Storwize V7000 Replication Family Services, SG24-7574 - Implementing the IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller V6.3, SG24-7933 - IBM SAN Volume Controller Stretched Cluster with PowerVM and PowerHA, SG24-8142 - Implementing the IBM SAN Volume Controller and FlashSystem 820, SG24-8172 - IBM System Storage DS8000 Copy Services for Open Systems, SG24-6788 - IBM System Storage DS8000: Host Attachment and Interoperability, SG24-8887 This book is aimed at pre- and post-sales support, system administrators, and storage administrators.

This IBM® Redbooks® publication describes IBM DB2® SQL compatibility features. The latest version of DB2 includes extensive native support for the PL/SQL procedural language, new data types, scalar functions, improved concurrency, built-in packages, OCI, SQL*Plus, and more. These features can help with developing applications that run on both DB2 and Oracle and can help simplify the process of moving from Oracle to DB2. In addition, IBM now provides tools to simplify the enablement process, such as the highly scalable IBM Data Movement Tool for moving schema and data into DB2, and an Editor and Profiler for PL/SQL provided by the IBM Data Studio tool suite. This Oracle to DB2 migration guide describes new technology, preferred practices for moving to DB2, and common scenarios that can help you as you move from Oracle to DB2. This book is intended for IT architects and developers who are converting from Oracle to DB2. DB2 compatibility with Oracle is provided through native support. The new capabilities in DB2 that provide compatibility are implemented at the lowest and most intimate levels of the database kernel, as though they were originally engineered for DB2. means that the DB2 implementation is done without the aid of an emulation layer. This intimacy leads to the scalable implementation that DB2 offers, providing identical performance between DB2 compatibility features and DB2 other language elements. For example, DB2 runs SQL PL at the same performance as PL/SQL implementations of the same function.

In today's 24 x 7 world, there is likely not a business on this planet, IBM® Smarter Planet® or not, that finds that their storage requirements are growing too fast and demand is starting to outpace supply. Not only this, but in this cost-conscious environment of today, the costs of managing this growth are likely to be eating into the IT budget. One way to make better use of existing storage without adding more complexity to the infrastructure is the IBM System Storage® SAN Volume Controller (SVC). For many years now this has helped business become more flexible, agile, and introduced an extremely efficient storage environment. SAN Volume Controller is designed to deliver the benefits of storage virtualization in environments from large enterprises to small businesses and midmarket companies. Virtualizing storage with SAN Volume Controller helps make new and existing storage more effective. SAN Volume Controller includes many functions that are traditionally deployed separately in disk systems. By including these in a virtualization system, SAN Volume Controller standardizes functions across virtualized storage for greater flexibility and potentially lower costs. Now, with IBM FlashSystem™ storage, SAN Volume Controller is enabled to extend its reach and benefit all virtualized storage. For example, IBM Easy Tier® optimizes use of flash storage. And IBM Real-time Compression™ enhances efficiency even further by enabling the storage of up to five times as much active primary data in the same physical disk space. In this IBM Redbooks® publication, we show how to integrate the IBM FlashSystem 820 to provide storage to the SAN Volume Controller, and show how they are designed to operate seamlessly together, reducing management effort. In this book, which is aimed at pre- and post-sales support, storage administrators, and people that want to get an overview of this new and exciting technology, we show the steps required to implement the IBM FlashSystem 820 in an existing SAN Volume Controller environment. We also highlight some of the new features in SAN Volume Controller that increase performance. If you are not already familiar with the SAN Volume Controller, it is beneficial to read the following IBM Redbooks publications: - Implementing the IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller V6.3, SG24-7933 - Implementing the IBM Storwize V7000 V6.3, SG24-7938 - Real-time Compression in SAN Volume Controller and Storwize V7000, REDP-4859 - IBM SAN Volume Controller and IBM FlashSystem 820: Best Practices and Performance Capabilities, REDP-5027 - IBM FlashSystem 710 and IBM FlashSystem 810, TIPS1002 - IBM FlashSystem 720 and IBM FlashSystem 820, TIPS1003 - Flash or SSD: Why and When to Use IBM FlashSystem, REDP-5020

Learn how IBM has overcome its toughest challenges—and how you can replicate iconic company's success Over the past 100 years, the IBM Corporation has survived several recessions and innumerable twists and turns in the global technology market. And even in an economy of global recession, this icon continues to repeat remarkable performance after remarkable performance—reinventing the meaning of corporate sustainability, employee loyalty and value-added leadership—and followed by memorable customer service. Repeat the Remarkable reveals the leadership lessons of a top IBM leadership development trainer. In it, Holley gives you the tools to tap into your own personal success—so you can lead your company to remarkable and repeatable performances Perry Holley is program director, IBM Leadership Development.

This IBM® Redbooks® publication describes how IBM PureApplication™ System supports the creation of virtual systems and virtual applications. PureApplication System does so using a pattern model that enables you to take advantage of predefined, pre-configured, and proven middleware topologies and deployments. This book also presents an abstraction level that focuses on functional capabilities and applications, completely encapsulating the underlying middleware. It describes in detail the model and the associated frameworks in PureApplication System, as well as a methodology and approach toward designing and implementing a custom pattern model. This book shows concrete implementation examples that you can use when creating your own pattern model, paired with a collection of leading practices. This IBM Redbooks publication gives critical guidance to, and serves as a reference for, independent software vendors (ISVs) who want to create patterns for their packaged applications on PureApplication System. Clients who want to extend and enhance their existing patterns can also use this book.

To meet today's complex and ever-changing business demands, you need a solid foundation of server, storage, networking, and software resources. It must be simple to deploy and able to quickly and automatically adapt to changing conditions. You also need access to, and the ability to take advantage of, broad expertise and proven best practices in systems management, applications, hardware maintenance, and more. IBM® PureFlex™ System is part of the IBM PureSystems™ family of expert integrated systems. It combines advanced IBM hardware and software along with patterns of expertise and integrates them into three optimized configurations that are simple to acquire and deploy. With the PureFlex System, you can achieve faster time to value. If you want a pre-configured, pre-integrated infrastructure with integrated management and cloud capabilities, factory tuned from IBM with x86 and Power hybrid solution, IBM PureFlex System is the answer. In this IBM Redbooks® publication, the examples use a Cisco Nexus 5000 Series Switch, although any configurations should also apply to the Cisco Nexus 7000 Series Switch too. However, it is wise to check as there might be minor differences. This book also covers the different variations for the implementation of these use cases when you use Cisco Catalyst Series Switches.

This completely refreshed IBM Redbooks® publication provides a detailed introduction to the latest capabilities for business event processing with IBM® CICS® V5. Events make it possible to identify and react to situations as they occur, and an event-driven approach, where changes are detected as they happen, can enable an application or an Enterprise to respond in a much more timely fashion. CICS event processing support was first introduced in CICS TS V4.1, and this IBM Redbooks® publication now covers all the significant enhancements and extensions which have been made since then. CICS Transaction Server for z/OS provides capabilities for capturing application events, which can give insight into the business activities carried out within CICS applications, and system events, which give insight into changes in state within the CICS system. Application events can be generated from existing applications, without requiring any application changes. Simple tooling allows both application and system events to be defined and deployed into CICS without disruption to the system, and the resulting events can be made available to a variety of event consumers. CICS events can amongst other things be used to drive processing within CICS, to populate dashboards that are provided by IBM Business Monitor and to search for patterns in events using IBM Operational Decision Manager. This IBM Redbooks® publication is divided into the following parts: Part 1 introduces event processing. We explain what it is and why you need it, and discuss how CICS makes it easy to both capture and emit events. Part 2 of the book focuses on the details of event processing with CICS. It gives a step-by-step guide to implementing CICS events, along with the environment used in the examples. Part 3 provides some guidance on governance and troubleshooting for CICS events, and describes how to integrate CICS events with IBM Operational Decision Manager and IBM Business Monitor. The Appendices include additional reference information.

The mobile industry is evolving rapidly. An increasing number of mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, are sold every year and more people are accessing services from a mobile device than ever before. For an enterprise, this can mean that a growing number of customers, business partners, and even employees now expect to access services on a mobile channel. This opens new opportunities for the business but also presents new challenges, both in terms of business processes and information technology (IT) infrastructure. IBM® Worklight® is an open mobile application platform. It helps organizations of all sizes to efficiently develop, connect, run, and manage HTML5, hybrid, and native applications. IBM Worklight provides the essential elements needed for complete mobile application development, deployment, and management within a business. This IBM Redbooks® publication provides information necessary to design, develop, deploy, and maintain mobile applications using IBM Worklight Version 5.0.5. It includes information about decision points that the IT organization will need to make, the roles that are involved in a mobile strategy and the responsibilities of the individuals in those roles. It also describes integration points with other IBM products that can enhance the mobile solution. This book has two parts: Part 1 is for a business-oriented IT audience and addresses business aspects of the mobile industry. It is for the IT architect or CTO, who can translate business needs into information technology solutions Part 2 is intended for a technical audience, including application developers, testers, and system administrators.

This IBM® Redbooks® publication describes the IBM Storage Area Network and IBM SAN Volume Controller Stretched Cluster solution when combined with PowerVM® and PowerHA®. We describe guidelines, settings, and the implementation steps that are necessary to achieve a successful implementation. This book is for administrators who are familiar with the SAN, IBM SAN Volume Controller, and IBM PowerVM and PowerHA Systems.

This IBM® Redbooks® publication describes the concepts, architecture, and implementation of the IBM System Storage® DS8870 storage system. The book provides reference information to assist readers who need to plan for, install, and configure the DS8870. The IBM System Storage DS8870 is the most advanced model in the IBM DS8000® series and is equipped with IBM POWER7® based controllers. Various configuration options are available that scale from dual 2-core systems up to dual 16-core systems with up to 1 TB of cache. The DS8870 also features enhanced 8 Gbps device adapters and host adapters. Connectivity options, with up to 128 Fibre Channel/IBM FICON® ports for host connections, make the DS8870 suitable for multiple server environments in open systems and The DS8870 supports advanced disaster recovery solutions, business continuity solutions, and thin provisioning. All disk drives in the DS8870 storage system have the Full Disk Encryption (FDE) feature. The DS8870 also can be integrated in a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) infrastructure. The DS8870 is equipped with high-density storage enclosures and can be equipped with solid-state drives (SSDs). The DS8870 can automatically optimize the use of each storage tier, particularly SSDs through the IBM Easy Tier® feature, which is available at no extra charge. With Licensed Machine Code 7.7.10.xx.xx, Easy Tier offers new features, still at no charge.

This IBM® Redbooks® publication is an IBM and Cisco collaboration that articulates how IBM and Cisco can bring the benefits of their respective companies to the modern data center. It documents the architectures, solutions, and benefits that can be achieved by implementing a data center based on IBM server, storage, and integrated systems, with the broader Cisco network. We describe how to design a state-of-the art data center and networking infrastructure combining Cisco and IBM solutions. The objective is to provide a reference guide for customers looking to build an infrastructure that is optimized for virtualization, is highly available, is interoperable, and is efficient in terms of power and space consumption. It will explain the technologies used to build the infrastructure, provide use cases, and give guidance on deployments.

To meet today's complex and ever-changing business demands, you need a solid foundation of server, storage, networking, and software resources that are simple to deploy and can quickly and automatically adapt to changing conditions. You also need access to, and the ability to take advantage of, broad expertise and proven best practices in systems management, applications, hardware maintenance, and more. IBM® PureFlex™ System, which is a part of the IBM PureSystems™ family of expert integrated systems, combines advanced IBM hardware and software along with patterns of expertise and integrates them into three optimized configurations that are simple to acquire and deploy so that you can achieve faster time to value. If you want a preconfigured, preintegrated infrastructure with integrated management and cloud capabilities, factory tuned from IBM with x86 and Power Systems™ hybrid solution, IBM PureFlex System is the answer. In this IBM Redbooks® publication, which is aimed at system and network administrators, we show the design and architecture, how to configure hosts and switches, maintain, and troubleshoot using the IBM Flex System™ Ethernet I/O modules (EN2091 1Gb Ethernet Scalable Switch and EN4093R 10Gb Scalable Switch).

The IBM® System Storage® DCS3700 consists of IBM System Storage DCS3700 storage subsystem and IBM System Storage DCS3700 expansion unit. The DCS3700 features the latest technologies, including 6 Gbps SAS and 8 Gbps Fibre Channel host interfaces, along with 6 Gbps SAS drives. The DCS3700 also features a 10 Gbps iSCSI host interface with an optional Performance Modules system. The DCS3700 provides a simple, efficient, and flexible approach to storage that is based on seven generations of design knowledge and firmware development. The DCS3700 can act as a cost-effective and fully integrated complement to IBM System x® servers, IBM BladeCenter®, and IBM Power Systems™ for various intensive computing environments. This IBM Redbooks® publication specifically addresses the hardware features, configuration, and implementation of the DCS3700. It presents detailed descriptions of the hardware configurations and options that are offered with the DCS3700. It then presents the concepts and functions that are used in planning and managing the storage subsystems, such as multipathing and path failover. This book offers a step-by-step guide to using the IBM Storage Manager to create arrays, logical drives, and other basic (and advanced) management tasks. This publication also contains practical information about diagnostic tests and troubleshooting, and includes practical examples about how to use scripts and the command-line interface (CLI).

This IBM® Redbooks® publication describes how to build production topologies for IBM Business Process Manager V8.0. This book is an update of the existing book IBM Business Process Manager V7.5 Production Topologies, SG24-7976. It is intended for IT Architects and IT Specialists who want to understand and implement these topologies. Use this book to select the appropriate production topologies for an environment, then follow the step-by-step instructions to build those topologies. Part 1 introduces IBM Business Process Manager and provides an overview of basic topology components, and Process Server and Process Center. This part also provides an overview of the production topologies described in this book, including a selection criteria for when to select a topology. IBM Business Process Manager security and the presentation layer are also addressed in this part. Part 2 provides a series of step-by-step instructions for creating production topology environments by using deployment environment patterns. This process includes topologies that incorporate IBM Business Monitor. This part also describes advanced topology topics. Part 3 covers post installation instructions for implementing production topology environments such as configuring IBM Business Process Manager to use IBM HTTP Server and WebSphere® proxy server. Please note that the additional material referenced in the text is not available from IBM.

To meet today's complex and ever-changing business demands, you need a solid foundation of server, storage, networking and software resources that is simple to deploy and can quickly and automatically adapt to changing conditions. You also need access to, and the ability to take advantage of, broad expertise and proven best practices in systems management, applications, hardware maintenance and more. IBM® PureFlex™ System, which is a part of the IBM PureSystems™ family of expert integrated systems, combines advanced IBM hardware and software along with patterns of expertise and integrates them into three optimized configurations that are simple to acquire and deploy so you can achieve faster time to value. If you want a pre-configured, pre-integrated infrastructure with integrated management and cloud capabilities, factory tuned from IBM with x86 and Power hybrid solution, IBM PureFlex System is the answer. In this IBM Redbooks® publication, we use EX4500 core switches to demonstrate interoperability with the System Networking switches (RackSwitch™ G8264 top of rack switch and the Flex system fabric EN4093 10Gb scalable switch). We also describe a redundant environment using QFX3500 switches running IBM Virtual-Link Aggregation Group (MC-LAG/vLAG) and Juniper Multi- Chassis-Link Aggregation Group.

This IBM® Redbooks® publication describes the concepts, architecture, and implementation of the IBM XIV® Storage System. The XIV Storage System is a scalable enterprise storage system that is based on a grid array of hardware components. It can attach to both Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP) and IP network Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) capable hosts. This system is a good fit for clients who want to be able to grow capacity without managing multiple tiers of storage. The XIV Storage System is suited for mixed or random access workloads, including online transaction processing, video streamings, images, email, and emerging workload areas, such as Web 2.0 and storage cloud. The focus of this edition is on the XIV Gen3 hardware Release 3.2, running Version 11.2 of the XIV system software. With this version, XIV Storage System offers up to five times the iSCSI throughput with new 10 GbE ports, a performance boost with new CPUs, and enhanced caching with optional solid-state drives (SSDs). The IBM XIV software Version 11.2 also offers support for Windows Server 2012, including space reclamation. And, the software enables drive rebuild times as fast as 26 minutes for a fully utilized 2 TB hard disk drive under heavy load. In the first few chapters of this book, we describe many of the unique and powerful concepts that form the basis of the XIV Storage System logical and physical architecture. We explain how the system is designed to eliminate direct dependencies between the hardware elements and the software that governs the system. In subsequent chapters, we explain the planning and preparation tasks that are required to deploy the system in your environment. A step-by-step procedure is presented that describes how to configure and administer the system. Illustrations are provided about how to perform those tasks by using the intuitive, yet powerful XIV Storage Manager GUI or the XIV command-line interface (XCLI). We describe the performance characteristics of the XIV Storage System and present options that are available for alerting and monitoring, including an enhanced secure remote support capability. This book is intended for IT professionals who want an understanding of the XIV Storage System. It also targets readers who need detailed advice on how to configure and use the system.

This IBM® Redbooks® publication is intended for business leaders and IT architects who are responsible for building and extending their data warehouse and Business Intelligence infrastructure. It provides an overview of powerful new capabilities of Information Server in the areas of big data, statistical models, data governance and data quality. The book also provides key technical details that IT professionals can use in solution planning, design, and implementation.

This IBM® Redbooks® publication presents a general introduction to Linear Tape-Open (LTO) technology and the implementation of corresponding IBM products. The IBM Enterprise 3592 Tape Drive also is described. This tenth edition includes information about the latest enhancements to the IBM Ultrium family of tape drives and tape libraries. In particular, it includes details of the latest IBM LTO Ultrium 6 tape drive technology and its implementation in IBM tape libraries. Information is included about the recently released, enhanced, higher-performance ProtecTIER servers and the features of the new version 3.2 server software. The new software also enables a new feature, the File System Interface (FSI). It also contains technical information about each IBM tape product for Open Systems. It includes generalized sections about Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) and Fibre Channel connections and multipath architecture configurations. This book also includes information about tools and techniques for library management. This edition includes details about Tape System Library Manager (TSLM). TSLM provides consolidation and simplification in large TS3500 Tape Library environments, including the IBM Shuttle Complex. This publication is intended for anyone who wants to understand more about IBM tape products and their implementation. This book is suitable for IBM clients, IBM Business Partners, IBM specialist sales representatives, and technical specialists. If you do not have a background in computer tape storage products, you might need to reference other sources of information. In the interest of being concise, topics that are generally understood are not covered in detail.

This IBM® Redbook®s publication provides a practical understanding of theI BM XIV® Storage System copy and migration functions. The XIV Storage System has a rich set of copy functions suited for various data protection scenarios, which enables clients to enhance their business continuance, data migration, and online backup solutions. These functions allow point-in-time copies, known as snapshots and full volume copies, and also include remote copy capabilities in either synchronous or asynchronous mode. These functions are included in the XIV software and all their features are available at no additional charge. The various copy functions are reviewed in separate chapters, which include detailed information about usage, and also practical illustrations. This book also explains the XIV built-in migration capability, and presents migration alternatives based on the SAN Volume Controller (SVC). Finally, the book illustrates the use of IBM Tivoli® Storage Productivity Center for Replication to manage XIV Copy Services. This book is intended for anyone who needs a detailed and practical understanding of the XIV copy functions.

In this IBM® Redbooks® publication we introduce a new product, the IBM Storwize® V7000 Unified (V7000U). Storwize V7000 Unified is a virtualized storage system designed to consolidate block and file workloads into a single storage system. Advantages include simplicity of management, reduced cost, highly scalable capacity, performance, and high availability. Storwize V7000 Unified storage also offers improved efficiency and flexibility through built-in solid-state drive (SSD) optimization, thin provisioning, IBM Real-time Compression™, and nondisruptive migration of data from existing storage. The system can virtualize and reuse existing disk systems offering a greater potential return on investment. We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the following books to get the most from this publication: Implementing the IBM Storwize V7000 V6.3, SG24-7938

Server Time Protocol (STP) is a server-wide facility that is implemented in the Licensed Internal Code (LIC) of IBM® zEnterprise EC12 (zEC12), IBM zEnterprise 196 (z196), IBM zEnterprise 114 (z114), IBM System z10®, and IBM System z9®. It provides improved time synchronization in both a sysplex or non-sysplex configuration. This IBM Redbooks® publication will help you configure a Mixed Coordinated Timing Network (CTN) or an STP-only CTN. It is intended for technical support personnel requiring information about: -Installing and configuring a Coordinated Timing Network Readers are expected to be familiar with IBM System z technology and terminology. For planning information, see our companion book, Server Time Protocol Planning Guide, SG24-7280. For information about how to recover your STP environment functionality, see the Server Time Protocol Recovery Guide, SG24-7380.

This IBM® Redbooks® publication introduces the IBM System z® Personal Development Tool (zPDT®), which runs on an underlying Linux system based on an Intel processor. zPDT provides a System z system on a PC capable of running current System z operating systems, including emulation of selected System z I/O devices and control units. It is intended as a development, demonstration, and learning platform and is not designed as a production system. This book, providing specific installation instructions, is the second of three volumes. The first volume describes the general concepts of zPDT and a syntax reference for zPDT commands and device managers. The third volume discusses more advanced topics that may not interest all zPDT users. The IBM order numbers for the three volumes are SG24-7721, SG24-7722, and SG24-7723. The systems discussed in these volumes are complex, with elements of Linux (for the underlying PC machine), IBM z/Architecture® (for the core zPDT elements), System z I/O functions (for emulated I/O devices), and IBM z/OS® (providing the System z application interface), and possibly with other System z operating systems. We assume the reader is familiar with the general concepts and terminology of System z hardware and software elements and with basic PC Linux characteristics.

This IBM® Redbooks® publication introduces the IBM System z® Personal Development Tool (zPDT), which runs on an underlying Linux system based on an Intel processor. zPDT provides a System z system on a PC capable of running current System z operating systems, including emulation of selected System z I/O devices and control units. It is intended as a development, demonstration, and learning platform; it is not designed as a production system. This book, discussing more advanced topics, is the last of three volumes. The first volume introduces zPDT and provides reference material for zPDT commands and device managers. The second volume describes the installation of zPDT (including the underlying Linux, and a particular z/OS® distribution) and basic usage patterns. The third volume discusses more advanced topics that may not interest all zPDT users. The IBM order numbers for the three volumes are SG24-7721, SG24-7722, and SG24-7723. The systems discussed in these volumes are complex, with elements of Linux (for the underlying PC machine), z/Architecture® (for the core zPDT elements), System z I/O functions (for emulated I/O devices), and z/OS (providing the System z application interface), and possibly with other System z operating systems. We assume the reader is familiar with the general concepts and terminology of System z hardware and software elements and with basic PC Linux characteristics.

Distributed computing has been transformed with the introduction of virtualization technology. This has driven a re-architecture of traditional data center workload placement. In 2012, IBM® announced IBM PureSystems™, a new offering based on preconfigured software, servers, and storage that form an expert integrated system. Expert integrated systems now combine traditional IT resources into a single optimized solution, with prepackaged components including servers, storage devices, networking equipment, and software. With this evolution of technology, we move from discrete, siloed, and underutilized IT resources to shared resource pools. This IBM Redbooks® publication can help you install, tailor, and configure IBM SmartCloud® Entry on the IBM PureFlex™ System offering. This book is intended for anyone who wants to learn more about cloud computing with IBM SmartCloud Entry and offerings based on IBM Flex System™ elements.

This IBM® Redbooks® publication is one in a series of IBM books written specifically for the IBM System Blue Gene® supercomputer, Blue Gene/Q®, which is the third generation of massively parallel supercomputers from IBM in the Blue Gene series. This document provides an overview of the application development environment for the Blue Gene/Q system. It describes the requirements to develop applications on this high-performance supercomputer. This book explains the unique Blue Gene/Q programming environment. This book does not provide detailed descriptions of the technologies that are commonly used in the supercomputing industry, such as Message Passing Interface (MPI) and Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP). References to more detailed information about programming and technology are provided. This document assumes that readers have a strong background in high-performance computing (HPC) programming. The high-level programming languages that are used throughout this book are C/C++ and Fortran95. For more information about the Blue Gene/Q system, see "IBM Redbooks" on page 159.