PySpark’s Arrow-based Python UDFs open the door to dramatically faster data processing by avoiding expensive serialization overhead. At the same time, Polars, a high-performance DataFrame library built on Rust, offers zero-copy interoperability with Apache Arrow. This talk shows how combining these two technologies unlocks new performance gains: writing Arrow UDFs with Polars in PySpark can deliver performance speedups compared to Python UDFs. Attendees will learn how Arrow UDFs work in PySpark, how it can be used with other data processing libraries, and how to apply this approach to real-world Spark pipelines for faster, more efficient workloads.

PySpark has long been a cornerstone of big data processing, excelling in data preparation, analytics and machine learning tasks within traditional data lakes. However, the rise of multimodal AI and vector search introduces challenges beyond its capabilities. Spark’s new Python data source API enables integration with emerging AI data lakes built on the multi-modal Lance format. Lance delivers unparalleled value with its zero-copy schema evolution capability and robust support for large record-size data (e.g., images, tensors, embeddings, etc), simplifying multimodal data storage. Its advanced indexing for semantic and full-text search, combined with rapid random access, enables high-performance AI data analytics to the level of SQL. By unifying PySpark's robust processing capabilities with Lance's AI-optimized storage, data engineers and scientists can efficiently manage and analyze the diverse data types required for cutting-edge AI applications within a familiar big data framework.