Wring more out of the data with a scientific approach to analysis Graph Analysis and Visualization brings graph theory out of the lab and into the real world. Using sophisticated methods and tools that span analysis functions, this guide shows you how to exploit graph and network analytic techniques to enable the discovery of new business insights and opportunities. Published in full color, the book describes the process of creating powerful visualizations using a rich and engaging set of examples from sports, finance, marketing, security, social media, and more. You will find practical guidance toward pattern identification and using various data sources, including Big Data, plus clear instruction on the use of software and programming. The companion website offers data sets, full code examples in Python, and links to all the tools covered in the book. Science has already reaped the benefit of network and graph theory, which has powered breakthroughs in physics, economics, genetics, and more. This book brings those proven techniques into the world of business, finance, strategy, and design, helping extract more information from data and better communicate the results to decision-makers. Study graphical examples of networks using clear and insightful visualizations Analyze specifically-curated, easy-to-use data sets from various industries Learn the software tools and programming languages that extract insights from data Code examples using the popular Python programming language There is a tremendous body of scientific work on network and graph theory, but very little of it directly applies to analyst functions outside of the core sciences - until now. Written for those seeking empirically based, systematic analysis methods and powerful tools that apply outside the lab, Graph Analysis and Visualization is a thorough, authoritative resource.

Data Scientists at Work is a collection of interviews with sixteen of the world's most influential and innovative data scientists from across the spectrum of this hot new profession. "Data scientist is the sexiest job in the 21st century," according to the Harvard Business Review. By 2018, the United States will experience a shortage of 190,000 skilled data scientists, according to a McKinsey report. Through incisive in-depth interviews, this book mines the what, how, and why of the practice of data science from the stories, ideas, shop talk, and forecasts of its preeminent practitioners across diverse industries: social network (Yann LeCun, Facebook); professional network (Daniel Tunkelang, LinkedIn); venture capital (Roger Ehrenberg, IA Ventures); enterprise cloud computing and neuroscience (Eric Jonas, formerly Salesforce.com); newspaper and media (Chris Wiggins, The New York Times); streaming television (Caitlin Smallwood, Netflix); music forecast (Victor Hu, Next Big Sound); strategic intelligence (Amy Heineike, Quid); environmental big data (Andre´ Karpis?ts?enkoEach of these data scientists shares how he or she tailors the torrent-taming techniques of big data, data visualization, search, and statistics to specific jobs by dint of ingenuity, imagination, patience, and passion. , Planet OS); geospatial marketing intelligence (Jonathan Lenaghan, PlaceIQ); advertising (Claudia Perlich, Dstillery); fashion e-commerce (Anna Smith, Rent the Runway); specialty retail (Erin Shellman, Nordstrom); email marketing (John Foreman, MailChimp); predictive sales intelligence (Kira Radinsky, SalesPredict); and humanitarian nonprofit (Jake Porway, DataKind). The book features a stimulating foreword by Google's Director of Research, Peter Norvig. Data Scientists at Work parts the curtain on the interviewees’ earliest data projects, how they became data scientists, their discoveries and surprises in working with data, their thoughts on the past, present, and future of the profession, their experiences of team collaboration within their organizations, and the insights they have gained as they get their hands dirty refining mountains of raw data into objects of commercial, scientific, and educational value for their organizations and clients.

Related Content Even You Can Learn Statistics, Fourth Edition, is now available with new and expanded content. Thought you couldn’t learn statistics? You can – and you will! Even You Can Learn Statistics and Analytics, Third Edition is the practical, up-to-date introduction to statistics – for everyone! Now fully updated for "big data" analytics and the newest applications, it'll teach you all the statistical techniques you’ll need for finance, marketing, quality, science, social science, and more – one easy step at a time. Simple jargon-free explanations help you understand every technique, and extensive practical examples and worked problems give you all the hands-on practice you'll need. This edition contains more practical examples than ever – all updated for the newest versions of Microsoft Excel. You'll find downloadable practice files, templates, data sets, and sample models – including complete solutions you can put right to work! Learn how to do all this, and more: Apply statistical techniques to analyze huge data sets and transform them into valuable knowledge Construct and interpret statistical charts and tables with Excel or OpenOffice.org Calc 3 Work with mean, median, mode, standard deviation, Z scores, skewness, and other descriptive statistics Use probability and probability distributions Work with sampling distributions and confidence intervals Test hypotheses with Z, t, chi-square, ANOVA, and other techniques Perform powerful regression analysis and modeling Use multiple regression to develop models that contain several independent variables Master specific statistical techniques for quality and Six Sigma programs Hate math? No sweat. You’ll be amazed at how little you need. Like math? Optional "Equation Blackboard" sections reveal the mathematical foundations of statistics right before your eyes. If you need to understand, evaluate, or use statistics in business, academia, or anywhere else, this is the book you've been searching for!

Combine complex concepts facing the financial sector with the software toolsets available to analysts.

The credit decisions you make are dependent on the data, models, and tools that you use to determine them. Developing Credit Risk Models Using SAS Enterprise Miner and SAS/STAT: Theory and Applications combines both theoretical explanation and practical applications to define as well as demonstrate how you can build credit risk models using SAS Enterprise Miner and SAS/STAT and apply them into practice.

The ultimate goal of credit risk is to reduce losses through better and more reliable credit decisions that can be developed and deployed quickly. In this example-driven book, Dr. Brown breaks down the required modeling steps and details how this would be achieved through the implementation of SAS Enterprise Miner and SAS/STAT.

Users will solve real-world risk problems as well as comprehensively walk through model development while addressing key concepts in credit risk modeling. The book is aimed at credit risk analysts in retail banking, but its applications apply to risk modeling outside of the retail banking sphere. Those who would benefit from this book include credit risk analysts and managers alike, as well as analysts working in fraud, Basel compliancy, and marketing analytics. It is targeted for intermediate users with a specific business focus and some programming background is required.

Efficient and effective management of the entire credit risk model lifecycle process enables you to make better credit decisions. Developing Credit Risk Models Using SAS Enterprise Miner and SAS/STAT: Theory and Applications demonstrates how practitioners can more accurately develop credit risk models as well as implement them in a timely fashion.

This book is part of the SAS Press Program.

Get the expert perspective and practical advice on big data The Big Data-Driven Business: How to Use Big Data to Win Customers, Beat Competitors, and Boost Profits makes the case that big data is for real, and more than just big hype. The book uses real-life examples—from Nate Silver to Copernicus, and Apple to Blackberry—to demonstrate how the winners of the future will use big data to seek the truth. Written by a marketing journalist and the CEO of a multi-million-dollar B2B marketing platform that reaches more than 90% of the U.S. business population, this book is a comprehensive and accessible guide on how to win customers, beat competitors, and boost the bottom line with big data. The marketplace has entered an era where the customer holds all the cards. With unprecedented choice in both the consumer world and the B2B world, it's imperative that businesses gain a greater understanding of their customers and prospects. Big data is the key to this insight, because it provides a comprehensive view of a company's customers—who they are, and who they may be tomorrow. The Big Data-Driven Business is a complete guide to the future of business as seen through the lens of big data, with expert advice on real-world applications. Learn what big data is, and how it will transform the enterprise Explore why major corporations are betting their companies on marketing technology Read case studies of big data winners and losers Discover how to change privacy and security, and remodel marketing Better information allows for better decisions, better targeting, and better reach. Big data has become an indispensable tool for the most effective marketers in the business, and it's becoming less of a competitive advantage and more like an industry standard. Remaining relevant as the marketplace evolves requires a full understanding and application of big data, and The Big Data-Driven Business provides the practical guidance businesses need.

Grasp how mobile, big data, and analytics are combining to change business processes Right Experience, Right Results: Improving Profits, Margin, and Engagement with Mobile and Big Data illustrates how businesses can use mobility, big data, and analytics to enhance or change business processes, improve margins through better insight, transform customer experiences, empower employees with real-time, actionable insight, and more. The book depicts how companies can create competitive differentiation using mobile, cloud computing big data, and analytics to improve commerce, customer service, and communications with employees and consumers. In the past, the technologies used to deliver personalized and contextual services were either unavailable, unaffordable, or reserved solely for the consumer market. Today, however, the next wave of computing—mobile, cloud computing. big data, and analytics—has provided the foundation for businesses to create adaptive, personalized applications and services. Delivered point-of-need, these smarter services allow enterprise products and services to meet the burgeoning demand for always-connected, accurate, and real-time information. Right Experience, Right Results: Improving Profits, Margin, and Engagement with Mobile and Big Data is your guide to the new way of doing things. The book includes: Real world examples that illustrate how companies across various industries are creating better business processes by integrating new technologies A three step action plan for getting started and overcoming obstacles An electronic checklist with numerous actions that help get you up and running with incorporating mobile, big data, and analytics A guide to drawing insight from mobile, social, and other sources to create richer experiences If you're a CEO, chief marketing officer, marketing director, or business manager, Right Experience, Right Results gives you everything you need to harness technology to breathe new life into your business.

This IBM® Redbooks® publication presents the new IBM PowerKVM virtualization for scale-out Linux systems. This book describes the concepts of PowerKVM and how you can deploy your virtual machines with the software stack included in the product. It helps you install and configure PowerKVM on your Power System server and provides guidance for managing the supported virtualization features by using the Web interface and command-line interface (CLI). This information for professionals who want to acquire a better understanding of PowerKVM virtualization technology to optimize Linux workload consolidation and use the new POWER8 processor features. The intended audience also includes people in these roles: Clients Sales and marketing professionals Technical support professionals IBM Business Partners Independent software vendors Open source community IBM OpenPower™ partners It does not replace the latest marketing materials and configuration tools. It is intended as an additional source of information that, together with existing sources, can be used to enhance your knowledge of IBM virtualization solutions. Before you start reading, you must be familiar with the general concepts of kernel-based virtual machine (KVM), Linux, and IBM Power architecture.

This tutorial for data analysts new to SAS Enterprise Guide and SAS Enterprise Miner provides valuable experience using powerful statistical software to complete the kinds of business analytics common to most industries.

Today’s businesses increasingly use data to drive decisions that keep them competitive. Especially with the influx of big data, the importance of data analysis to improve every dimension of business cannot be overstated. Data analysts are therefore in demand; however, many hires and prospective hires, although talented with respect to business and statistics, lack the know-how to perform business analytics with advanced statistical software.

Business Analytics Using SAS Enterprise Guide and SAS Enterprise Miner is a beginner’s guide with clear, illustrated, step-by-step instructions that will lead you through examples based on business case studies. You will formulate the business objective, manage the data, and perform analyses that you can use to optimize marketing, risk, and customer relationship management, as well as business processes and human resources. Topics include descriptive analysis, predictive modeling and analytics, customer segmentation, market analysis, share-of-wallet analysis, penetration analysis, and business intelligence.

This book is part of the SAS Press program.

Advanced Analytics Methodologies is today's definitive guide to analytics implementation for MBA and university-level business students and sophisticated practitioners. Its expanded, cutting-edge coverage helps readers systematically "jump the gap" between their organization's current analytical capabilities and where they need to be. Step by step, Michele Chambers and Thomas Dinsmore help readers customize a complete roadmap for implementing analytics that supports unique corporate strategies, aligns with specific corporate cultures, and serves unique customer and stakeholder communities. Drawing on work with dozens of leading enterprises, Michele Chambers and Thomas Dinsmore provide advanced applications and examples not available elsewhere, describe high-value applications from many industries, and help you systematically identify and deliver on your company's best opportunities. They show how to: Go beyond the Analytics Maturity Model: power your unique business strategy with an equally focused analytics strategy Link key business objectives with core characteristics of your organization, value chain, and stakeholders Take advantage of game changing opportunities before competitors do Effectively integrate the managerial and operational aspects of analytics Measure performance with dashboards, scorecards, visualization, simulation, and more Prioritize and score prospective analytics projects Identify "Quick Wins" you can implement while you're planning for the long-term Build an effective Analytic Program Office to make your roadmap persistent Update and revise your roadmap for new needs and technologies This advanced text will serve the needs of students and faculty studying cutting-edge analytics techniques, as well as experienced analytics leaders and professionals including Chief Analytics Officers; Chief Data Officers; Chief Scientists; Chief Marketing Officers; Chief Risk Officers; Chief Strategy Officers; VPs of Analytics or Big Data; data scientists; business strategists; and many line-of-business executives.

Create a complete roadmap for capitalizing on analytics to grow topline revenue and build shareholder value in your unique organization! Modern Analytics Methodologies goes far beyond the classic Analytics Maturity Model to help you overcome the gaps between your current analytics capabilities and where you need to go. Pioneering analytics experts Michele Chambers and Thomas Dinsmore help you implement analytics that supports your strategy, aligns with your culture, and serves your customers and stakeholders. Drawing on work with dozens of leading enterprises, Michele Chambers and Thomas Dinsmore describe high-value applications from many industries, and help you systematically identify and deliver on your company's best opportunities. Writing for both professionals and students, they show how to: Leverage the convergence of macro trends ranging from "flattening" and "green" to Big Data and machine learning Go beyond the Analytics Maturity Model: power your unique business strategy with an equally focused analytics strategy Link key business objectives with core characteristics of your organization, value chain, and stakeholders Take advantage of game changing opportunities before competitors do Effectively integrate the managerial and operational aspects of analytics Measure performance with dashboards, scorecards, visualization, simulation, and more Prioritize and score prospective analytics projects Identify "Quick Wins" you can implement while you're planning for the long-term Build an effective Analytic Program Office to make your roadmap persistent Update and revise your roadmap for new needs and technologies Modern Analytics Methodologies will be an indispensable resource for any executive or professional concerned with analytics, including Chief Analytics Officers; Chief Data Officers; Chief Scientists; Chief Marketing Officers; Chief Risk Officers; Chief Strategy Officers; VPs of Analytics or Big Data; data scientists; business strategists; and line-of-business executives.

Continuing its commitment to developing and delivering industry-leading storage technologies, IBM® introduces the IBM Storwize® V7000 solution, an innovative new storage offering that delivers essential storage efficiency technologies and exceptional ease of use and performance, all integrated into a compact, modular design that is offered at a competitive, midrange price. The IBM Storwize V7000 solution incorporates some of the top IBM technologies typically found only in enterprise-class storage systems, raising the standard for storage efficiency in midrange disk systems. This cutting-edge storage system extends the comprehensive storage portfolio from IBM and can help change the way organizations address the ongoing information explosion. This IBM Redbooks® publication introduces the features and functions of the IBM Storwize V7000 system through several examples. This book is aimed at pre- and post-sales technical support and marketing, storage administrators, and will help you understand the architecture of the Storwize V7000, how to implement it, and take advantage of the industry leading functions and features.

Key decisions determine the success of big data strategy Dynamic Customer Strategy: Big Profits from Big Data is a comprehensive guide to exploiting big data for both business-to-consumer and business-to-business marketing. This complete guide provides a process for rigorous decision making in navigating the data-driven industry shift, informing marketing practice, and aiding businesses in early adoption. Using data from a five-year study to illustrate important concepts and scenarios along the way, the author speaks directly to marketing and operations professionals who may not necessarily be big data savvy. With expert insight and clear analysis, the book helps eliminate paralysis-by-analysis and optimize decision making for marketing performance. Nearly seventy-five percent of marketers plan to adopt a big data analytics solution within two years, but many are likely to fail. Despite intensive planning, generous spending, and the best intentions, these initiatives will not succeed without a manager at the helm who is capable of handling the nuances of big data projects. This requires a new way of marketing, and a new approach to data. It means applying new models and metrics to brand new consumer behaviors. Dynamic Customer Strategy clarifies the situation, and highlights the key decisions that have the greatest impact on a company's big data plan. Topics include: Applying the elements of Dynamic Customer Strategy Acquiring, mining, and analyzing data Metrics and models for big data utilization Shifting perspective from model to customer Big data is a tremendous opportunity for marketers and may just be the only factor that will allow marketers to keep pace with the changing consumer and thus keep brands relevant at a time of unprecedented choice. But like any tool, it must be wielded with skill and precision. Dynamic Customer Strategy: Big Profits from Big Data helps marketers shape a strategy that works.

" Everyone encounters statistics on a daily basis. They are used in proposals, reports, requests, and advertisements, among others, to support assertions, opinions, and theories. Unless you're a trained statistician, it can be bewildering. What are the numbers really saying or not saying? Better Business Decisions from Data: Statistical Analysis for Professional Success provides the answers to these questions and more. It will show you how to use statistical data to improve small, every-day management judgments as well as major business decisions with potentially serious consequences. Author Peter Kenny-with deep experience in industry-believes that "while the methods of statistics can be complicated, the meaning of statistics is not." He first outlines the ways in which we are frequently misled by statistical results, either because of our lack of understanding or because we are being misled intentionally. Then he offers sound approaches for understanding and assessing statistical data to make excellent decisions. Kenny assumes no prior knowledge of statistical techniques; he explains concepts simply and shows how the tools are used in various business situations. With the arrival of Big Data, statistical processing has taken on a new level of importance. Kenny lays a foundation for understanding the importance and value of Big Data, and then he shows how mined data can help you see your business in a new light and uncover opportunity. Among other things, this book covers: How statistics can help you assess the probability of a successful outcome How data is collected, sampled, and best interpreted How to make effective forecasts based on the data at hand How to spot the misuse or abuse of statistical evidence in advertisements, reports, and proposals How to commission a statistical analysis Arranged in seven parts-Uncertainties, Data, Samples, Comparisons, Relationships, Forecasts, and Big Data-" Better Business Decisions from Data is a guide for busy people in general management, finance, marketing, operations, and other business disciplines who run across statistics on a daily or weekly basis. You'll return to it again and again as new challenges emerge, making better decisions each time that boost your organization's fortunes—as well as your own.

A conversation with Convertro's Nathan Janos about methodologies used to help advertisers understand the affect each of their marketing efforts (print, SEM, display, skywriting, etc.) contributes to their overall return.

Use computational intelligence to drive more value from business analytics, overcome real-world uncertainties and complexities, and make better decisions. Drawing on his pioneering experience as an instructor and researcher, Dr. Les Sztandera thoroughly illuminates today's key computational intelligence tools, knowledge, and strategies for analysis, exploration, and knowledge generation. Sztandera demystifies artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, and fuzzy systems, and guides you through using them to model, discover, and interpret new patterns that can't be found through statistical methods alone. Packed with relevant case studies and examples, this guide demonstrates: Customer segmentation for direct marketing Customer profiling for relationship management Efficient mailing campaigns Customer retention Identification of cross-selling opportunities Credit score analysis Detection of fraudulent behavior and transactions Hedge fund strategies, and more Szandera shows how computational intelligence can inform the design and integration of services, architecture, brand identity, and product portfolio across the entire enterprise. He also shows how to complement computational intelligence with visualization, explorative interfaces and advanced reporting, thereby empowering business users and enterprise stakeholders to take full advantage of it. For analytics professionals, managers, and students.

The guide to targeting and leveraging business opportunities using big data & analytics By leveraging big data & analytics, businesses create the potential to better understand, manage, and strategically exploiting the complex dynamics of customer behavior. Analytics in a Big Data World reveals how to tap into the powerful tool of data analytics to create a strategic advantage and identify new business opportunities. Designed to be an accessible resource, this essential book does not include exhaustive coverage of all analytical techniques, instead focusing on analytics techniques that really provide added value in business environments. The book draws on author Bart Baesens' expertise on the topics of big data, analytics and its applications in e.g. credit risk, marketing, and fraud to provide a clear roadmap for organizations that want to use data analytics to their advantage, but need a good starting point. Baesens has conducted extensive research on big data, analytics, customer relationship management, web analytics, fraud detection, and credit risk management, and uses this experience to bring clarity to a complex topic. Includes numerous case studies on risk management, fraud detection, customer relationship management, and web analytics Offers the results of research and the author's personal experience in banking, retail, and government Contains an overview of the visionary ideas and current developments on the strategic use of analytics for business Covers the topic of data analytics in easy-to-understand terms without an undo emphasis on mathematics and the minutiae of statistical analysis For organizations looking to enhance their capabilities via data analytics, this resource is the go-to reference for leveraging data to enhance business capabilities.

An introduction to state-of-the-art experimental design approaches to better understand and interpret repeated measurement data in cross-over designs. Repeated Measurements and Cross-Over Designs: Features the close tie between the design, analysis, and presentation of results Presents principles and rules that apply very generally to most areas of research, such as clinical trials, agricultural investigations, industrial procedures, quality control procedures, and epidemiological studies Includes many practical examples, such as PK/PD studies in the pharmaceutical industry, k-sample and one sample repeated measurement designs for psychological studies, and residual effects of different treatments in controlling conditions such as asthma, blood pressure, and diabetes. Utilizes SAS(R) software to draw necessary inferences. All SAS output and data sets are available via the book's related website. This book is ideal for a broad audience including statisticians in pre-clinical research, researchers in psychology, sociology, politics, marketing, and engineering.

Brand tracking, CRM programs, trade shows, online behavior tracking, satisfaction studies. Mounds of marketing metrics are generated across touchpoints and channels. It can be information overload--too much, too scattered. But locked in the vast quantity of information are accurate, data-driven answers to every marketing question. Analytic dashboards are transformative web-based tools that gather, syn the size, and visually display essential data in real time, directly connecting marketing with performance. World renowned marketing expert Koen Pauwels supplies a simple yet rigorous methodology and wealth of case studies to help any size organization, in any industry, turn data into productive action. He explains step by step how to: ● Gain crucial IT support ● Build a rock-solid database ● Select key leading performance indicators ● Design the optimal dashboard layout ● Use marketing analytics to improve decisions and reap rewards Gut decisions are outdated and downright dangerous. Whether you're trying to allocate resources between online and offline marketing, measure the ROI of specific efforts, or scale up a creative campaign, dashboard analytics bring scientific precision and insight to marketing efforts--with far better results.

NEWER EDITION AVAILABLE IN MEAP Practical Data Science with R, Second Edition is now available in the Manning Early Access Program. An eBook of this older edition is included at no additional cost when you buy the revised edition! You may still purchase Practical Data Science with R (First Edition) using the Buy options on this page. Practical Data Science with R lives up to its name. It explains basic principles without the theoretical mumbo-jumbo and jumps right to the real use cases you'll face as you collect, curate, and analyze the data crucial to the success of your business. You'll apply the R programming language and statistical analysis techniques to carefully explained examples based in marketing, business intelligence, and decision support. About the Technology Business analysts and developers are increasingly collecting, curating, analyzing, and reporting on crucial business data. The R language and its associated tools provide a straightforward way to tackle day-to-day data science tasks without a lot of academic theory or advanced mathematics. About the Book Practical Data Science with R shows you how to apply the R programming language and useful statistical techniques to everyday business situations. Using examples from marketing, business intelligence, and decision support, it shows you how to design experiments (such as A/B tests), build predictive models, and present results to audiences of all levels. What's Inside Data science for the business professional Statistical analysis using the R language Project lifecycle, from planning to delivery Numerous instantly familiar use cases Keys to effective data presentations About the Reader This book is accessible to readers without a background in data science. Some familiarity with basic statistics, R, or another scripting language is assumed. About the Authors Nina Zumel and John Mount are cofounders of a San Francisco-based data science consulting firm. Both hold PhDs from Carnegie Mellon and blog on statistics, probability, and computer science at win-vector.com. Quotes A unique and important addition to any data scientist’s library. - From the Foreword by Jim Porzak, Cofounder Bay Area R Users Group Covers the process end-to-end, from data exploration to modeling to delivering the results. - Nezih Yigitbasi, Intel Full of useful gems for both aspiring and experienced data scientists. - Fred Rahmanian, Siemens Healthcare Hands-on data analysis with real-world examples. Highly recommended. - Dr. Kostas Passadis, IPTO

Combine business sense, statistics, and computers in a new and intuitive way, thanks to Big Data Predictive analytics is a branch of data mining that helps predict probabilities and trends. Predictive Analytics For Dummies explores the power of predictive analytics and how you can use it to make valuable predictions for your business, or in fields such as advertising, fraud detection, politics, and others. This practical book does not bog you down with loads of mathematical or scientific theory, but instead helps you quickly see how to use the right algorithms and tools to collect and analyze data and apply it to make predictions. Topics include using structured and unstructured data, building models, creating a predictive analysis roadmap, setting realistic goals, budgeting, and much more. Shows readers how to use Big Data and data mining to discover patterns and make predictions for tech-savvy businesses Helps readers see how to shepherd predictive analytics projects through their companies Explains just enough of the science and math, but also focuses on practical issues such as protecting project budgets, making good presentations, and more Covers nuts-and-bolts topics including predictive analytics basics, using structured and unstructured data, data mining, and algorithms and techniques for analyzing data Also covers clustering, association, and statistical models; creating a predictive analytics roadmap; and applying predictions to the web, marketing, finance, health care, and elsewhere Propose, produce, and protect predictive analytics projects through your company with Predictive Analytics For Dummies.