Everyone is talking about data lineage these days, and for a good reason. Data lineage helps ensure better data quality across your modern data stack. But not everyone speaks the same lineage language. Data engineers use lineage for impact and root cause analysis. Analysts and Analytics engineers use lineage to trace jobs and transformations in their warehouses. And consumers use lineage to understand why data never reached their expected destination. This results in a narrow, siloed view lineage in which only one group benefits. It’s time to stop using siloed lineage views for pretty graphs and start using end-to-end lineage to drive focused actions. In the talk, you will learn:

• How data quality tailors to specific needs of data engineers, analysts, & consumers

• How data lineage should drive actions

• A real-world example of end-to-end data lineage with Airflow, dbt, Spark, and Redshift

Coalesce 2023 is coming! Register for free at https://coalesce.getdbt.com/.

When Prateek Chawla, founding engineer, joined Monte Carlo in 2019, he was responsible for spinning up our data platform from scratch. He was more of a backend/cloud engineer, but like with any startup had to wear many hats, so got the opportunity to play the role of data engineer too. In this talk, we’ll walk through how we spun up Monte Calro’s data stack with Snowflake, Looker, and dbt, touching on how and why we implemented dbt (and later, dbt Cloud), key use cases, and handy tricks for integrating dbt with other popular tools, like Airflow, and Spark. We’ll discuss what worked, what didn’t work, and other lessons learned along the way, as well as share how our data stack evolved over time to scale to meet the demands of our growing startup. We’ll also touch on a very critical component of the dbt value proposition, data quality testing, and discuss some of our favorite tests and what we’ve done to automate and integrate them with other elements of our stack.

Coalesce 2023 is coming! Register for free at https://coalesce.getdbt.com/.

Lineage is a critical component of any root cause, impact analysis, and overall analytics heath assessment workflow. But it hasn’t always been easy to create, particularly at the field level. In this session, Mei Tao, Helena Munoz, and Xuanzi Han (Monte Carlo) tackle this challenge head-on by leveraging some of the most popular tools in the modern data stack, including dbt, Airflow, Snowflake, and ANother Tool for Language Recognition (ANTLR). Learn how they designed the data model, query parser, and larger database design for field-level lineage—highlighting learnings, wrong turns, and best practices developed along the way.

Coalesce 2023 is coming! Register for free at https://coalesce.getdbt.com/.

While the data lakehouse architecture offers many inherent benefits, it’s still relatively new to the dbt community, which creates hurdles to adoption.

In this talk, you’ll meet Apache Hudi, a platform used by organizations to build planet-scale data platforms according to all of the key design elements required by the lakehouse architecture. You’ll also learn how we’ve personaly used Hudi, along with dbt, Spark, Airflow, and many more open-source tools to build a truly reliable big data streaming lakehouse that cut the latency of our petabyte-scale data pipelines from hours to minutes.

Check the slides here: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/18dv4TZzRnZQ-IK7xLkYJuind4Bcztkl19zV7b4HTaTU/edit?usp=sharing

Coalesce 2023 is coming! Register for free at https://coalesce.getdbt.com/.

Building data pipelines is difficult—and adding a data governance and observability framework doesn’t make it any easier. But that was the task ahead for Deepak Konidena during his early days at Zillow. In this session, he’ll share how the platform they build on top of dbt, Airflow, Spark, and Kubernetes—ZSQL—eliminated the need for internal data teams to build their own DAGs, models, schemas and lineage from scratch, while also providing an easy way to enforce data quality, monitor changes, and alert on disruptions.

Check the slides here: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/18HEil3_nXD8nYBhcg4m-Kpy8I8Na6MXI/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=110293204340061069659&rtpof=true&sd=true

Coalesce 2023 is coming! Register for free at https://coalesce.getdbt.com/.

Summary Data lineage is something that has grown from a convenient feature to a critical need as data systems have grown in scale, complexity, and centrality to business. Alvin is a platform that aims to provide a low effort solution for data lineage capabilities focused on simplifying the work of data engineers. In this episode co-founder Martin Sahlen explains the impact that easy access to lineage information can have on the work of data engineers and analysts, and how he and his team have designed their platform to offer that information to engineers and stakeholders in the places that they interact with data.

Announcements

Hello and welcome to the Data Engineering Podcast, the show about modern data management When you’re ready to build your next pipeline, or want to test out the projects you hear about on the show, you’ll need somewhere to deploy it, so check out our friends at Linode. With their new managed database service you can launch a production ready MySQL, Postgres, or MongoDB cluster in minutes, with automated backups, 40 Gbps connections from your application hosts, and high throughput SSDs. Go to dataengineeringpodcast.com/linode today and get a $100 credit to launch a database, create a Kubernetes cluster, or take advantage of all of their other services. And don’t forget to thank them for their continued support of this show! You wake up to a Slack message from your CEO, who’s upset because the company’s revenue dashboard is broken. You’re told to fix it before this morning’s board meeting, which is just minutes away. Enter Metaplane, the industry’s only self-serve data observability tool. In just a few clicks, you identify the issue’s root cause, conduct an impact analysis⁠—and save the day. Data leaders at Imperfect Foods, Drift, and Vendr love Metaplane because it helps them catch, investigate, and fix data quality issues before their stakeholders ever notice they exist. Setup takes 30 minutes. You can literally get up and running with Metaplane by the end of this podcast. Sign up for a free-forever plan at dataengineeringpodcast.com/metaplane, or try out their most advanced features with a 14-day free trial. Mention the podcast to get a free "In Data We Trust World Tour" t-shirt. RudderStack helps you build a customer data platform on your warehouse or data lake. Instead of trapping data in a black box, they enable you to easily collect customer data from the entire stack and build an identity graph on your warehouse, giving you full visibility and control. Their SDKs make event streaming from any app or website easy, and their state-of-the-art reverse ETL pipelines enable you to send enriched data to any cloud tool. Sign up free… or just get the free t-shirt for being a listener of the Data Engineering Podcast at dataengineeringpodcast.com/rudder. Data teams are increasingly under pressure to deliver. According to a recent survey by Ascend.io, 95% in fact reported being at or over capacity. With 72% of data experts reporting demands on their team going up faster than they can hire, it’s no surprise they are increasingly turning to automation. In fact, while only 3.5% report having current investments in automation, 85% of data teams plan on investing in automation in the next 12 months. 85%!!! That’s where our friends at Ascend.io come in. The Ascend Data Automation Cloud provides a unified platform for data ingestion, transformation, orchestration, and observability. Ascend users love its declarative pipelines, powerful SDK, elegant UI, and extensible plug-in architecture, as well as its support for Python, SQL, Scala, and Java. Ascend automates workloads on Snowflake, Databricks, BigQuery, and open source Spark, and can be deployed in AWS, Azure, or GCP. Go to dataengineeringpodcast.com/ascend and sign up for a free trial. If you’re a data engineering podcast listener, you get credits worth $5,000 when you become a customer. Your host is Tobias Macey and today I’m interviewing Martin Sahlen about his work on data lineage at Alvin and how it factors into the day-to-day work of data engineers

Interview

Introduction How did you get involved in the area of data management? Can you describe what Alvin is and the story behind it? What is the core problem that you are trying to solve at Alvin? Data lineage has quickly become an overloaded term. What are the elements of lineage that you are focused on addressing?

What are some of the other sources/pieces of information that you integrate into the lineage graph?

How does data lineage show up in the work of data engineers?

In what ways does your focus on data engineers inform the way that you model the lineage information?

As with every data asset/product, the lineage graph is only as useful as the data that it stores. What are some of the ways that you focus on establishing and ensuring a complete view of lineage?

How do you account for assets (e.g. tables, dashboards, exports, etc.) that are created outside of the "officially supported" methods? (e.g. someone manually runs a SQL create statement, etc.)

Can you describe how you have implemented the Alvin platform?

How have the design and goals shifted from when you first started exploring the problem?

What are the types of data systems/assets that you are focused on supporting? (e.g. data warehouses vs. lakes, structured vs. unstructured, which BI tools, etc.) How does Alvin fit into the workflow of data engineers and their downstream customers/collaborators?

What are some of the design choices (both visual and functional) that you focused on to avoid friction in the data engineer’s workflow?

What are some of the open questions/areas for investigation/improvement in the space of data lineage?

What are the factors that contribute to the difficulty of a truly holistic and complete view of lineage across an organization?

What are the most interesting, innovative, or unexpected ways that you have seen Alvin used? What are the most interesting, unexpected, or challenging lessons that you have learned while working on Alvin? When is Alvin the wrong choice? What do you have planned for the future of Alvin?

Contact Info

LinkedIn @martinsahlen on Twitter

Parting Question

From your perspective, what is the biggest gap in the tooling or technology for data management today?

Closing Announcements

Thank you for listening! Don’t forget to check out our other shows. Podcast.init covers the Python language, its community, and the innovative ways it is being used. The Machine Learning Podcast helps you go from idea to production with machine learning. Visit the site to subscribe to the show, sign up for the mailing list, and read the show notes. If you’ve learned something or tried out a project from the show then tell us about it! Email [email protected]) with your story. To help other people find the show please leave a review on Apple Podcasts and tell your friends and co-workers

Links

Alvin Unacast sqlparse Python library Cython

Podcast.init Episode

Antlr Kotlin programming language PostgreSQL

Podcast Episode

OpenSearch ElasticSearch Redis Kubernetes Airflow BigQuery Spark Looker Mode

The intro and outro music is from The Hug by The Freak Fandango Orchestra / CC BY-SA

Support Data Engineering Podcast

Lakehouses like Databricks’ Delta Lake are becoming the central brain for all data systems. But Lakehouses are only one component of the data stack. There are many building blocks required for tackling data needs, including data integrations, data transformation, data quality, observability, orchestration etc.

In this session, we will present how open source powers companies' approach to building a modern data stack. We will talk about technologies like Airbyte, Airflow, dbt, Preset, and how to connect them in order to build a customized and extensible data platform centered around Databricks.

Connect with us: Website: https://databricks.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/databricksinc Twitter: https://twitter.com/databricks LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/data... Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/databricksinc/

The time and attention of skilled engineers are some of the most constrained, valuable resources at Red Digital, a marketing agency embedded within Red Ventures. Acknowledging that constraint, the team at Red Digital has taken a deliberate, product-first approach to modernize and democratize their data platform. With the help of modern tools like Databricks, Fivetran, dbt, Monte Carlo, and Airflow, Red Digital has increased its development velocity and the size of the available talent pool to continue to grow the business.

This talk will walk through some of the key challenges, decisions, and solutions that the Red Digital team has made to build a suite of parallel data stacks capable of supporting its growing business.

Connect with us: Website: https://databricks.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/databricksinc Twitter: https://twitter.com/databricks LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/data... Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/databricksinc/

Elixir is an Erlang-VM bytecode-compatible programming language that is growing in popularity.

In this session I will show how you can apply Elixir towards solving data engineering problems in novel ways.

Examples include: • How to leverage Erlang's lightweight distributed process coordination to run clusters of workers across docker containers and perform data ingestion. • A framework that hooks Elixir functions as steps into Airflow graphs. • How to consume and process Kafka events directly within Elixir microservices.

For each of the above I'll show real system examples and walk through the key elements step by step. No prior familiarity with Erlang or Elixir will be required.

Connect with us: Website: https://databricks.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/databricksinc Twitter: https://twitter.com/databricks LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/data... Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/databricksinc/

Summary There are extensive and valuable data sets that are available outside the bounds of your organization. Whether that data is public, paid, or scraped it requires investment and upkeep to acquire and integrate it with your systems. Crux was built to reduce the total cost of acquisition and ownership for integrating external data, offering a fully managed service for delivering those data assets in the manner that best suits your infrastructure. In this episode Crux CTO Mark Etherington discusses the different costs involved in managing external data, how to think about the total return on investment for your data, and how the Crux platform is architected to reduce the toil involved in managing third party data.

Announcements

Hello and welcome to the Data Engineering Podcast, the show about modern data management When you’re ready to build your next pipeline, or want to test out the projects you hear about on the show, you’ll need somewhere to deploy it, so check out our friends at Linode. With their new managed database service you can launch a production ready MySQL, Postgres, or MongoDB cluster in minutes, with automated backups, 40 Gbps connections from your application hosts, and high throughput SSDs. Go to dataengineeringpodcast.com/linode today and get a $100 credit to launch a database, create a Kubernetes cluster, or take advantage of all of their other services. And don’t forget to thank them for their continued support of this show! Atlan is the metadata hub for your data ecosystem. Instead of locking your metadata into a new silo, unleash its transformative potential with Atlan’s active metadata capabilities. Push information about data freshness and quality to your business intelligence, automatically scale up and down your warehouse based on usage patterns, and let the bots answer those questions in Slack so that the humans can focus on delivering real value. Go to dataengineeringpodcast.com/atlan today to learn more about how Atlan’s active metadata platform is helping pioneering data teams like Postman, Plaid, WeWork & Unilever achieve extraordinary things with metadata and escape the chaos. Modern data teams are dealing with a lot of complexity in their data pipelines and analytical code. Monitoring data quality, tracing incidents, and testing changes can be daunting and often takes hours to days or even weeks. By the time errors have made their way into production, it’s often too late and damage is done. Datafold built automated regression testing to help data and analytics engineers deal with data quality in their pull requests. Datafold shows how a change in SQL code affects your data, both on a statistical level and down to individual rows and values before it gets merged to production. No more shipping and praying, you can now know exactly what will change in your database! Datafold integrates with all major data warehouses as well as frameworks such as Airflow & dbt and seamlessly plugs into CI workflows. Visit dataengineeringpodcast.com/datafold today to book a demo with Datafold. Tired of deploying bad data? Need to automate data pipelines with less red tape? Shipyard is the premier data orchestration platform built to help your data team quickly launch, monitor, and share workflows in a matter of minutes. Build powerful workflows that connect your entire data stack end-to-end with a mix of your code and their open-source, low-code templates. Once launched, Shipyard makes data observability easy with logging, alerting, and retries that will catch errors before your business team does. So whether you’re ingesting data from an API, transforming it with dbt, updating BI tools, or sending data alerts, Shipyard centralizes these operations and handles the heavy lifting so your data team can finally focus on what they’re good at — solving problems with data. Go to dataengineeringpodcast.com/shipyard to get started automating with their free developer plan today! Your host is Tobias M

Summary Building a data platform is a journey, not a destination. Beyond the work of assembling a set of technologies and building integrations across them, there is also the work of growing and organizing a team that can support and benefit from that platform. In this episode Inbar Yogev and Lior Winner share the journey that they and their teams at Riskified have been on for their data platform. They also discuss how they have established a guild system for training and supporting data professionals in the organization.

Announcements

Hello and welcome to the Data Engineering Podcast, the show about modern data management When you’re ready to build your next pipeline, or want to test out the projects you hear about on the show, you’ll need somewhere to deploy it, so check out our friends at Linode. With their new managed database service you can launch a production ready MySQL, Postgres, or MongoDB cluster in minutes, with automated backups, 40 Gbps connections from your application hosts, and high throughput SSDs. Go to dataengineeringpodcast.com/linode today and get a $100 credit to launch a database, create a Kubernetes cluster, or take advantage of all of their other services. And don’t forget to thank them for their continued support of this show! Atlan is the metadata hub for your data ecosystem. Instead of locking your metadata into a new silo, unleash its transformative potential with Atlan’s active metadata capabilities. Push information about data freshness and quality to your business intelligence, automatically scale up and down your warehouse based on usage patterns, and let the bots answer those questions in Slack so that the humans can focus on delivering real value. Go to dataengineeringpodcast.com/atlan today to learn more about how Atlan’s active metadata platform is helping pioneering data teams like Postman, Plaid, WeWork & Unilever achieve extraordinary things with metadata and escape the chaos. Modern data teams are dealing with a lot of complexity in their data pipelines and analytical code. Monitoring data quality, tracing incidents, and testing changes can be daunting and often takes hours to days or even weeks. By the time errors have made their way into production, it’s often too late and damage is done. Datafold built automated regression testing to help data and analytics engineers deal with data quality in their pull requests. Datafold shows how a change in SQL code affects your data, both on a statistical level and down to individual rows and values before it gets merged to production. No more shipping and praying, you can now know exactly what will change in your database! Datafold integrates with all major data warehouses as well as frameworks such as Airflow & dbt and seamlessly plugs into CI workflows. Visit dataengineeringpodcast.com/datafold today to book a demo with Datafold. Tired of deploying bad data? Need to automate data pipelines with less red tape? Shipyard is the premier data orchestration platform built to help your data team quickly launch, monitor, and share workflows in a matter of minutes. Build powerful workflows that connect your entire data stack end-to-end with a mix of your code and their open-source, low-code templates. Once launched, Shipyard makes data observability easy with logging, alerting, and retries that will catch errors before your business team does. So whether you’re ingesting data from an API, transforming it with dbt, updating BI tools, or sending data alerts, Shipyard centralizes these operations and handles the heavy lifting so your data team can finally focus on what they’re good at — solving problems with data. Go to dataengineeringpodcast.com/shipyard to get started automating with their free developer plan today! Your host is Tobias Macey and today I’m interviewing Inbar Yogev and Lior Winner about the data platform that the team at Riskified are building to power their fraud management service

Interview

Introduction How did

Summary The ecosystem for data tools has been going through rapid and constant evolution over the past several years. These technological shifts have brought about corresponding changes in data and platform architectures for managing data and analytical workflows. In this episode Colleen Tartow shares her insights into the motivating factors and benefits of the most prominent patterns that are in the popular narrative; data mesh and the modern data stack. She also discusses her views on the role of the data lakehouse as a building block for these architectures and the ongoing influence that it will have as the technology matures.

Announcements

Hello and welcome to the Data Engineering Podcast, the show about modern data management When you’re ready to build your next pipeline, or want to test out the projects you hear about on the show, you’ll need somewhere to deploy it, so check out our friends at Linode. With their new managed database service you can launch a production ready MySQL, Postgres, or MongoDB cluster in minutes, with automated backups, 40 Gbps connections from your application hosts, and high throughput SSDs. Go to dataengineeringpodcast.com/linode today and get a $100 credit to launch a database, create a Kubernetes cluster, or take advantage of all of their other services. And don’t forget to thank them for their continued support of this show! Atlan is the metadata hub for your data ecosystem. Instead of locking your metadata into a new silo, unleash its transformative potential with Atlan’s active metadata capabilities. Push information about data freshness and quality to your business intelligence, automatically scale up and down your warehouse based on usage patterns, and let the bots answer those questions in Slack so that the humans can focus on delivering real value. Go to dataengineeringpodcast.com/atlan today to learn more about how Atlan’s active metadata platform is helping pioneering data teams like Postman, Plaid, WeWork & Unilever achieve extraordinary things with metadata and escape the chaos. Modern data teams are dealing with a lot of complexity in their data pipelines and analytical code. Monitoring data quality, tracing incidents, and testing changes can be daunting and often takes hours to days or even weeks. By the time errors have made their way into production, it’s often too late and damage is done. Datafold built automated regression testing to help data and analytics engineers deal with data quality in their pull requests. Datafold shows how a change in SQL code affects your data, both on a statistical level and down to individual rows and values before it gets merged to production. No more shipping and praying, you can now know exactly what will change in your database! Datafold integrates with all major data warehouses as well as frameworks such as Airflow & dbt and seamlessly plugs into CI workflows. Visit dataengineeringpodcast.com/datafold today to book a demo with Datafold. Tired of deploying bad data? Need to automate data pipelines with less red tape? Shipyard is the premier data orchestration platform built to help your data team quickly launch, monitor, and share workflows in a matter of minutes. Build powerful workflows that connect your entire data stack end-to-end with a mix of your code and their open-source, low-code templates. Once launched, Shipyard makes data observability easy with logging, alerting, and retries that will catch errors before your business team does. So whether you’re ingesting data from an API, transforming it with dbt, updating BI tools, or sending data alerts, Shipyard centralizes these operations and handles the heavy lifting so your data team can finally focus on what they’re good at — solving problems with data. Go to dataengineeringpodcast.com/shipyard to get started automating with their free developer plan today! Your host is Tobias Macey and today I’m interviewing Colleen Tartow about her views on the forces shaping th

Come hang with Airflow practitioners from around the world using Airflow AND other data tools to power their data practice. From Databricks to Glue to Azure Data Factory, smart businesses make the right decision to standardize on Airflow for what it’s best at while using the other systems for what they are best at.

This talk highlights a large-scale use case of Airflow to orchestrate workflows for an Autonomous Driving project based in Germany. To support our customer in the aim of producing their first Level-3 Autonomous Driving vehicle in Germany, we are utilising Airflow as a state-of-the-art tool to orchestrate workloads running on a large-scale HPC platform. In this talk, we will describe our Airflow setup deployed on OpenShift that is capable of running thousands of tasks in parallel and contains various custom improvements optimised for our use case. We will in detail discuss how we achieved to integrate multiple components with airflow such as a PostgreSQL database, a highly available RabbitMQ message broker and a fully integrated IAM solution. In particular, we will describe bottlenecks which we have encountered in our journey towards scaling up airflow, and how we mitigate them. We will also detail on the custom improvements we implemented on both airflow code base and deployment setup, such as an enhanced airflow logging framework, improvements on the Spark submit operator, and a feature to re-deploy airflow without business downtime. The talk will be concluded with an outlook on future improvements that we anticipate, as well as beneficial features we believe will be helpful for the community.

Pinterest has been part of the Airflow community for two years and has worked on many custom solutions to address usability, scalability, and efficiency constraints. This session is to discuss how Pinterest has further expanded on those previous solutions. We will discuss how we work to further reduce system latencies, improve user development through added search features, support for cross cluster operations, and improved debuggability tooling, and system level efficiency improvements to auto retry failed tasks that meet certain criteria.

Two years after starting our Airflow adoption, we’re running over 10,000 DAGs in production. On this journey we’ve learned a lot about Airflow management and stewardship and developed some unique tools to help us scale. We’re excited to share our experience and some of the lessons we’ve picked up along the way. In this talk we’ll cover: The history of Airflow at Shopify Our infrastructure and architecture Custom tools and procedures we’ve adopted to keep Airflow running smoothly and our users happy

While many companies set up isolated data teams, Adyen is a strong believer of the data mesh approach, with all our data living in a central place. While our tooling teams provide and operate the on-premise cluster, the product teams are able to take full ownership of their data pipelines. Our 100+ users, spread across 10+ teams, own in total more than 200 dags and 4000 tasks. We use a single Airflow instance with many cross-dag and cross-stream dependencies within these 200 dags. As it’s impossible to keep track of all 4000 tasks as a single entity, these pipelines can only be managed by the teams themselves. In this presentation we will take a deep dive in how we structured DAG-level ACLs by using a governance library. Then, we continue by showcasing how we enabled our product teams to manage their tables with automated retention based removals, automated compaction, and table schema setup. Finally, we will showcase how making the teams able to manage the resources of their pipelines helped us iterate and saved us patching.

Airflow users love to run Airflow in public clouds and on distributed infrastructures like Kubernetes. Running Airflow environments is easier than ever - community offers Helm-based installation for self-managed Airflow and there are many offerings of Airflow-based managed services. Commoditization of Airflow and broader Airflow user base brings new challenges. This talk presents observations of the Airflow service provider delivering “Airflow as a Service’’ to cloud users (very technical, less technical and not technical at all). Information presented during this talk will be directed to the Apache Airflow committers and contributors with the hope that one can influence Airflow’s future roadmap so that Apache Airflow becomes easy to use.

Apache Airflow and Kubernetes work well together. Not only does Airflow have native support for running tasks on Kubernetes, there is also an official helm chart that makes it easy to run Airflow itself on Kubernetes! Confused on the differences between KubernetesExecutor and KubernetesPodOperator? What about CeleryKubernetesExecutor? Or the new LocalKubernetesExecutor? After this talk you will understand how they all fit in the ecosystem. We will talk about the ways you can run Airflow on Kubernetes, run tasks on Kubernetes, or do both. We will also cover things you may want to consider doing to have a reliable Airflow instance.

Airflow is the almost de-facto standard job orchestration tool that is used in the production stage. But moving your job from the development stage in other tools to the production stage in Airflow is usually a big pain for lots of users. A major reason is due to the environment inconsistency between the development environment and the production environment. Apache Zeppelin is a web-based notebook that is integrated seamlessly with lots of popular big data engines, such as Spark, Flink, Hive, Presto and etc. So it is very suitable for the development stage. In this talk, I will talk about the seamless integration between Airflow & Zeppelin, so that you can develop your big data job in Zeppelin efficiently and move to Airflow easily without caring too much about issues caused by the environment inconsistency.